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Week 8 - Thursday - 20 Jan. 2000

SHABBAT: CHAPTER 16: MISHNA 4

And thither one may take out all his utensils, and he may wear everything that he can wear, and wrap himself with everything that he can wrap himself. Rabbi Yose says. Eighteen articles; and he may return and take out, and he may say to others, "Come and save with me."

Kehati

This mishnah is a continuation of the preceding mishnah. It teaches that in addition to the Holy Scriptures and food, utensils and garments also may be saved on Shabbat from a fire.

And thither - to a courtyard for which an eruv has been prepared (according to the opinion of the First Tanna), or (according to the opinion of Ben Beteira), even to a courtyard for which an eruv has not been prepared, one may take out all his utensils - that he requires for this Shabbat, and he may wear everything that he can wear, and wrap himself with everything that he can wrap himself - I.e., he takes out garments by wearing them, and he may wearas many garments as he can put on, and he may wrap himself in as many as he can wrap himself. According to one opinion, since he takes out the garments by wearing them, he may take them out even to a courtyard for which an eruv has not been prepared. According to this opinion, this is an independent sentence, and does not refer to "And thither one may take out." According to another opinion, even items of clothing may not be taken out to a courtyard for which an eruv has not been prepared, and he is permitted to save only to a courtyard for which an eruv has been prepared (see Tosefot Rabbi Akiva Eiger).

Rabbi Yose says: He may put on and take out only - eighteen articles - of clothing, for this is the number of items of clothing one is accustomed to wear on a weekday (the items are listed in a baraila quoted in the Gemara, Shab. 120a), and he may return and take out - According to Ran, this clause is compatible with all opinions, that he may put on, take out, and take off, and return and put on. take out. and take off, even repeating this procedure the entire day. If so, why was similar permission not granted regarding food and drink? The reason is because one takes out food in his hands, and if he were permitted to take out and come back and take out again, we fear that, because he is excited about his property, he will extinguish the fire. Whereas clothing, since he is permitted to take it out only by wearing it, he will pay attention and remember that it is prohibited to extinguish. In the opinion ofRambam, however, "he may return and take out" is the continuation only of Rabbi Yose's statement:

but according to the opinion of the First Tanna (which is the halakhah). he may save only the clothes that he can wear at one time, and he may not take off the clothes, come back and put on and take out a second time (just as he may save food only for three meals, and he may not return and save additional food) (according to Kesef Mishneh on Hit. Shabbat 23:25). According to yet another opinion, "he may return and take out" is the opinion only of the First Tanna, whereas Rabbi Yose holds that he may save only eighteen garments, and he may not return and take out a second time (Shenot Eliyahu); and he may say to others, "Come and save with me" When it is a matter of saving food, the preceding mishnah taught that he says to the others, "Come and save for yourselves" and not "with me" - The different terminology is used because where food is concerned, there are instances in which others do not have his legal status, e.g., if he had not yet eaten a meal and the others had, it follows that he may save more than they may save, or vice versa. In regard to saving clothing, however, the others have the same status as he has (Ran, Bartenura). According to yet another explanation, the reason for the difference is as follows: regarding food, he may not save more than enough for three meals: it follows that the rest of the food is ownerless, and the others are like finders of flotsam. He therefore says to them, "Come and save "for yourselves" Regarding clothing, however, the householder himself may save as much as he wants, by wearing and wrapping and taking out, time after time. The clothing is not ownerless, and therefore he says to them, "Come and save with me,"' i.e., that they help him to saVe, on his behalf (Tosefot Rabbi Akiva Eiger).

SHABBAT: CHAPTER 16: MISHNA 5

Rabbi Shimon ben Nanas says: One may spread the hide of a kid over a shidah, a tevah, and a migdal, in which the fire has caught, because it is singed. And they may make a partition with all vessels, whether full or empty, so that the fire will not pass over. Rabbi Yose prohibits with new earthen vessels full of water because they cannot withstand fire, and they burst and extinguish the fire.

Kehati

This mishnah teaches how one may contain a fire, so that it will not spread.

Rabbi Shimon ben Nanas says: One may spread the hide of a kid over a shidah, a tevah, and a migdal - types of wooden chest, in which the fire has caught - but are not yet ablaze, because it - the hide of a kid, is - only - singed - by the Fire, but is not burned up, and therefore it protects such chests from being burned. And they may make a partition with all vessels, whether full - of water, or empty, so that the fire will not pass over So that the fire will not spread.

Even though this partition will cause the Fire to go out, he may make it on Shabbat, for one may indirectly cause a fire to go out.

Rabbi Yose prohibits - the making of a partition with - new earthen vessels full of water because they cannot withstand fire - Since they are new, they are not Fire-resistant, and they burst and extinguish the fire Rabbi Yose holds that it is prohibited, even indirectly, to cause a fire to go out, even if monetary loss is incurred. The halakhah does not follow Rabbi Yose, but "they may make a

partition even from new earthen vessels full of water, even though they will certainly burst and extinguish, for indirectly causing the fire to go out is permitted" {Rambarn. Hil. Shabbal 12:4).

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