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Week 6 - Shabbat - 8 Jan. 2000

SHABBAT: CHAPTER 11: MISHNA 6

If one throws and remembers after it had gone out of his hand, another intercepted it, a dog intercepted it, or it was burnt - he is exempt. If he threw to make a wound, whether to a person, or to a beast, and remembered before the wound was made - he is exempt. This is the general rule: All those liable to a sin-offering are not liable unless their beginning and end are unintentional. If their beginning is unintentional and their end is intentional, their beginning is intentional and their end is unintentional - they are exempt, unless their beginning and their end are unintentional.

Kehati

If one throws - on Shabbat forgetfully, e.g., he threw a rock and he forgot that the day is Shabbat, and remembers - that it is Shabbat, after it -- the rock, had gone out of his hand before it came to rest on the ground. The beginning of the act, the removal of the object, was performed forgetfully, but at the conclusion of the act, the setting down of the object, he recalled that it was Shabbat, but the stone did not

come to rest on the ground, because another intercepted it - e.g., another person left his place and caught the stone this is an activity performed by two people; or

a dog intercepted it - in its mouth, and since the person who threw it did not intend that the dog should intercept it, there is no setting down in this case, because the mouth of a dog is not a place with an area of four by four tefahs.

or it was burnt - in the air-space, before it came to rest, he is exempt from bringing a sin-offering. If he threw - on Shabbat forgetfully (with regard to the Shabbat), in order to make a wound, whether he intended to cause a wound to a person or he intended to cause a wound to a beast - and the person who causes injury on Shabbat is liable (see 14:1, below), and he remembered - that it is

Shabbat, before the wound was made - he is exempt because its beginning was

unintentional and its end was intentional.

This is the general rule: All those liable to a sin-offering are not liable unless both their beginning and end are unintentional. But if their beginning is unintentional and their end is intentional, or their beginning is intentional and their end is unintentional - they are exempt - from bringing a sin-offering, unless their beginning and their end are unintentional - according to Barlenura, “This is the general rule” includes the removal of an object from place to place within the

public domain, that if he removed unintentionally, and remembered that it is Shabbat before he set it down, he is exempt.

Our interpretation of the first section of the mishnah follows Rava in the Gemara; Rav Ashi, however, interprets it differently: “If one throws and remembers after it had gone out of his hand, and another intercepted it, a dog intercepted it, or it was burnt he is exempt” since is there is no setting down in these cases; if, however, it came to rest, he is liable. To what does this refer (that if it came to rest, he is liable)? To the case in which he once again forgot, but if he did not once again forget, he is exempt, for “All those liable to a sin-offering are not liable unless their beginning and their end are unintentional” (Shab. 102a).

SHABBAT: CHAPTER 12: MISHNA 1

One who builds, how much does he build to be liable? For building any amount and dressing stone, and striking stone, and striking with a hammer and with an adze, boring a hole, however little one is liable. This is the general rule: Whoever engages in an activity whose result endures on the Shabbat, he is liable. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says. Even one who strikes with the sledgehammer on the anvil at the time of his activity is liable, because it is like improving a product.

Kehati

Now that the details of the laws of carrying from one domain to another have been explained, this chapter begins to explain a number of the other main classes of work taught in 7:2, above.

One who builds - on Shabbat, how much must he build to be liable - to bring a sin-offering, if performed forgetfully, or the death penalty, if performed intentionally? For building any amount - such as stopping up a small hole in a wall, and dressing - cutting and making smooth, stone, and striking with a hammer - i.e., any conclusion of a process, i.e., after the stonecutter has cut most of the stone from its quarry, he gives it a strong blow with a hammer, and it breaks off and falls; it follows that this blow constitutes the completion of the activity of quarrying the stone, and one who strikes with an adze, and similarly boring a hole, however little - one - the person who performs any of the above activities, is liable.

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