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Week 32 - Tuesday - 4 July 2000

YOMA: CHAPTER 7 : MISHNA 3

If he read in linen garments - he sanctified his hands and his feet, he stripped, went down, and immersed, came up and dried himself. They brought him gold garments, and he put them on and he sanctified his hands and his feet, and he went out and he did his ram and the ram of the people, and the seven unblemished one-year-old he-lambs. So Rabbi Eliezer. Rabbi Akiva says, They were offered with the morning tamid and the bullock of the burnt-offering, and the goat which was offered up outside were offered with the afternoon tamid.

Kehati

To understand this mishnah, we must first explain a few matters regarding the sacrifices offered on Yom Kippur. The Torah lists sixteen animals which were offered on Yom Kippur: The morning tamid and the afternoon tamid, sacrifices which were offered every day - 2 animals. The bullock and the ram of the High Priest, as it is written in the Torah passage regarding the Yom Kippur service, "With this shall Aaron come into the holy place: with a young bullock for a sin-offering, and a ram for an olah", (burnt-offering) (Lev. 16:3) - a total of 4 animals. The goat and the ram of Israel, as it is written, "And he shall take of the congregation of the children of Israel two he-goats for a sin-offering, and one ram for an olah" (ibid., v. 5); the Scapegoat is not included in this count which includes only the animals which were offered up - a total of 6 animals. A bullock, a ram, and seven he-lambs, all olot, and one goat for a sin-offering (which this mishnah calls "the goat offered up outside"), which are the Yom Kippur musaf (additional) sacrifices, as it is written, "And on the tenth day of this seventh month...you shall offer an olah to the Lord...one young bullock, one ram, seven he-lambs of the first year; they shall be to you without blemish...one he-goat for a sin-offering" (Num. 29:7-8, 11), these are a further ten animals - a grand total of 16 animals.

According, however, to the opinion of Rabbi Yehudah Hanasi, only 15 animals were offered on Yom Kippur, for he holds that the "one ram for an olah" mentioned in the passage of the Yom Kippur service (Lev. 16:5) is the same "one ram" mentioned in the passage of the musaf sacrifices (Num. 29:8). The Gemara explains that this mishnah follows the opinion of Rabbi Yehudah Hanasi. However, Other Tannaim disagree with him, and hold that there were 16 animals (see Yoma 70b). According to this mishnah, 15 animals were offered on Yom Kippur: Three of these were sin-offerings, as follows: (1) the bullock of the High Priest, (2) the goat of Israel on which the lot "For the Name" had fallen, and (3) the goat for the sin-offering of the musaf sacrifices. The first two sin-sacrifices are called "inner sin-offerings" for their blood was sprinkled inside and they were burned, as taught earlier in this Tractate; the third sin-offering is called the "outer sin-offering," because its blood was sprinkled on the outer Altar which stood in the Temple Courtyard, and it was eaten in the evening. All the other 12 animals were olot, as follows: (1) the morning tamid sacrifice, (2) the afternoon tamid, (3) the ram of the High Priest, (4) the ram of the people (mentioned both in Lev. 16 and in Num. 29), and (5-12) the bullock and the seven he-lambs of musaf. The morning tamid was the first of the day's sacrifices and the last was the afternoon tamid. After the morning tamid the bullock of the High Priest and the goat "for the Lord," i.e., the "inner sin-offerings" were slaughtered (as has been taught above). This mishnah does not mention the burning of the sacrificial portions of the inner bullock and goat (see 6:7, above) because it is stated explicitly in the order of the day's service that they were to be offered after his ram and the ram of the people, as it is written, "and he shall offer his burnt-offering and the burnt offering of the people...and the fat of the sin-offering shall he burn upon the Altar" (Lev. 16:24-25).

If he - the High Priest, read - the Torah passage of the day, In linen garments - and not in his cloak (see mishnah 1, above), he sanctified his hands and his feet - after the reading: This was the fourth sanctification, he stripped - off the white garments, went down, and immersed - in the mikveh in the Bet Haparvah Chamber, came up and dried himself. But if he read in his white cloak, then he had already sanctified his hands and his feet before he removed the white garments, and now all he was required to do was to remove his cloak and to immerse. This was the third immersion of the day. They brought him gold garments, and he put them on and he sanctified his hands and his feet - this was the fifth sanctification, and he went out and he did his ram and the ram of the people - which were burnt-offerings, as it is written, "And he shall bathe his flesh in water in a holy place and put on his other vestments, and come forth, and offer his burnt-offering and that of the people" (Lev. 16:24), and the seven unblemished one-year-old he-lambs - of the musaf sacrifices of the day (as listed in Num. 29);

So Rabbi Eliezer - a baraita quoted in the Gemara states that Rabbi Eliezer holds that after this (third) immersion he offered only his ram and the ram of the people and burned the sacrificial potions of the inner bullock and goat - whereas the bullock of the burnt-offering, the seven lambs, and the goat of the sin-offering the musaf sacrifices he offered with the afternoon tamid,. His reasoning is that the sacrifices of the day had to be offered according to the order in which they are mentioned in the torah. Now, his ram and the ram of the people, and the sacrificial portions of the bullock and the goat are listed in the section describing the Yom Kippur service (Lev. 16), and the bullock for the burnt-offering and the seven he-lambs and the goat that is offered outside are listed in the passage describing the musaf sacrifices (Num. 29). Hence, the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer is interpreted in accordance with the baraita thus: "And he went out and did his burnt-offering and the burnt-offering of the people" - and burned the sacrificial portions of the bullock and the goat, for thus it is written in the order of the day's service: "And he shall go out, and offer his burnt-offering and the burnt-offering of the people...And the fat of the sin-offering shall he burn upon the Altar" (Lev. 16:24-25); as mentioned in the section of the service of the day (Lev. 16) and in the section of the musaf sacrifices (Num. 29); "and the seven he-lambs of the first year without blemish" - and the rest of the musaf sacrifices, i.e., the bullock for the burnt-offering and the goat for the sin-offering which was offered outside - all these he offered afterwards, with the afternoon tamid (see Tosefot Yom Tov, who explains why the seven he-lambs are mentioned but not the bullock of the burnt-offering and the goat which was outside).

Rabbi Akiva says, They were offered with the morning tamid, and the bullock of the burnt-offering and the goat which was offered up outside were offered with the afternoon tamid - the Gemara quotes a baraita which states: "Rabbi Akiva says, The bullock for the burnt-offering and the seven he-lambs were offered with the morning tamid, as it is written, 'You shall offer these beside the burnt-offering of the morning, which is for a continual burnt offering' (Num. 28:23) (this implies that the musaf sacrifices were offered together with the morning tamid; even though this passage refers to all the Pilgrimage Festival musaf sacrifices, we nevertheless learn the law of the Yom Kippur musaf sacrifices from them), and afterwards the service of the day (the burning of the incense and the sprinkling of the blood of the bullock and of the goat), and afterwards the goat which is offered outside, as it is written, 'One he-goat for a sin-offering; beside the sin-offering of atonement' (Num. 29:11) (this implies that the inner goat, which is part of the service of the day, is offered before the goat that is offered outside), and afterwards his ram and the ram of the people, and afterwards the sacrificial portions of the sin-offering (according to the order written in Lev. 16), and afterwards the afternoon tamid."

Hence, Rashi, Hameiri, Bartenura, and other commentators interpret Rabbi Akiva's statement in the mishnah as follows: "With the morning tamid they were offered, and the bullock of the burnt-offering" - i.e., the seven he-lambs, and the bullock for the olah, were offered with the morning tamid, "and the goat which was offered outside with the afternoon tamid" (omitting "were offered"), and not actually with the afternoon tamid, for it was offered after the fifth immersion, whereas the goat which is offered outside, and his ram and the ram of the people and the sacrificial portions of the inner bullock and goat, were offered after the third immersion, for since it is written "beside the sin-offering of atonement," this implies that the goat which was offered outside should be offered close to it (and after the fourth immersion the High Priest brought out the pan and the fire-pan, as explained in the following mishnah); Rabbi Akiva's wording "with the afternoon tamid" is meant to teach that, unlike the other musaf sacrifices, it is not offered with the morning tamid. According to Tosafot, Rabbi Akiva holds that the sacrificial portions of the inner bullock and goat were actually offered together with the afternoon tamid, and Rabbi Akiva's statement is to be interpreted as follows: "With the morning tamid they" - the seven he-lambs of the musaf of Yom Kippur, "were offered," and also, "the bullock of the burnt-offering" - of the musaf, were offered with the morning tamid, "and the goat offered up outside" is offered afterwards with his ram and the ram of the people, as mentioned earlier by Rabbi Eliezer, and further, the sacrificial portions of the bullock and the goat which were burned "were offered with the afternoon tamid"; he did not explicitly mention the sacrificial portions, because Rabbi Eliezer had also not mentioned them (see Tosefot Yom Tov). According to Rambam, however, even the goat of musaf and his ram and the ram of the people were offered together with the afternoon tamid, but he holds that the afternoon tamid was offered after the third immersion (see Hil. Avodat Yom ha-Kippurim 4:2; see also Tosefot Yom Tov, who explains the different interpretations). In any case, the halakhah follows Rabbi Akiva.

YOMA: CHAPTER 7 : MISHNA 4

He sanctified his hands and his feet, and he stripped, and went down, and immersed himself, and came up and dried himself. They brought him white garments, and he put them on, and he sanctified his hands and his feet. He went in to take out the ladle and the fire-pan. He sanctified his hands and his feet, and he stripped, and went down, and immersed himself, and came up and dried himself. They brought him golden garments, and he put them on, and sanctified his hands and his feet, and went in to offer afternoon incense and to prepare the lamps, and he sanctified his hands and his feet, and he stripped. They brought him his own garments, and he put them on. And they accompanied him to his house. And he made a feast for his friends when he came out safely from the Sanctuary.

Kehati

He sanctified his hands and his feet - this was the sixth sanctification, and he stripped - off the golden garments, and went down, and immersed himself - the fourth time, and came up and dried himself - with a sheet. They brought him white garments, and he put them on - these garments were of material inferior to that of the white garments he had worn in the morning (see 3:7, above), and he sanctified his hands and his feet - for the seventh time. He went in - into the Holy of Holies, to take out the ladle and the fire-pan - which he had left there until all traces of the incense were consumed. He sanctified his hands and his feet - for the eighth time, and he stripped - off the white garments, and he went down, and immersed, and came up and dried himself - this was the fifth immersion. They brought him golden garments, and he put them on, and sanctified his hands and his feet - the ninth sanctification,

And went in to offer afternoon incense - on the golden Altar in the Sanctuary; according to Rashi and Tosafot cited above, he first offered the afternoon tamid, and afterwards he entered to offer the incense; according to Rambam, however, the mishnah is to be interpreted literally,

And to prepare - i.e., to light (Bartenura; see also Tosefot Yom Tov), the lamps, and he sanctified his hands and his feet - this was the tenth sanctification, and he stripped - off the golden garments. They brought him his own garments, and he put them on - and he left the Temple Courtyard and went home. And they - all the people, accompanied him to his house.

And he made a feast - a festive meal and celebration on the night after the end of Yom Kippur for his friends when he came out safely from the Sanctuary - for having come out safely, without becoming unfit, and without any bad mishap.

As was explained in this and the preceding mishnah, there are three views on the order of the Yom Kippur service, which can be summed up as follows (following the opinion of Rabbi Akiva, which the halakhah follows):

according to Rashi:
after the first immersion: the morning tamid, the (in golden garments) bullock for the burnt offering, and the seven he-lambs of the musaf of the day.

after the second immersion the service of the day, i.e., the (in white garments): confessions, drawing of the lots, the burning of the incense in the Holy of Holies, the sprinkling of the blood of the bullock and of the goat, the dispatch of the Scapegoat, the reading of the Torah portions of the day.

after the third immersion the goat for the sin-offering of the (in golden garments): musaf of the day, his ram and the ram of the people, the sacrificial portions of the bullock and the goat which were burned.

after the fourth immersion the taking out of the ladle and the (in white garments): fire-pan.

after the fifth immersion the afternoon tamid, the (in golden garments): afternoon incense, and the lighting of the lamps.

according to Tosafot: after the first and the second immersions: as above. after the third immersion: the goat of the sin-offering of the musaf of the day, his ram and the ram of the people. after the fourth immersion: as above. after the fifth immersion: the burning of the sacrificial portions of the bullock and the goat which were burned, the afternoon tamid, the afternoon incense, and the lighting of the lamps.

according to Rambam: after the first and the second immersions: as above. after the third immersion: the goat of the sin-offering of the musaf, his ram and the ram of the people, the sacrificial portions of the bullock and the goat which were burned, the afternoon tamid. after the fourth immersion: as above. after the fifth immersion: the afternoon incense, the lighting of the lamps.

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