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Week 15 - Wednesday - 8 March 2000 Sunday
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ERUVIN: CHAPTER 6: MISHNA 6
If five parties spent the Shabbat in one teraklin. Bet Shammai say, An eruv for each party; and Bet Hillel say, One eruv for all of them. And they agree that when some of them are dwelling in rooms or in the upper chambers, that they require an eruv for each party.
Kehati
If five - not necessarily five, but several parties spent the Shabbat -
lodged, in one teraklin - a large hall divided by partitions that do not reach the
ceiling; each party lodges in its own partitioned-off area, each one having an
opening to the courtyard,
Bet Shammai says: An eruv for each party - each party is required to give
bread for the eruv of the courtyard, since they are separated from one another;
and Bet Hillel says: One eruv for all of them - for they are regarded as
spending the Shabbat in one house, it being sufficient if one of them gives bread
for the eruv of the courtyard, on behalf of all of them. And they - Bet Hillel, agree -
with Bet Shammai, that when some of them are dwelling in rooms or in the upper
chambers - the Gemara explains that this applies when the partitions within the teraklin reach the ceiling; in such a case the parties are lodged in separate rooms or in upper stories
that they require an eruv for each party - each party must make an eruv with the inhabitants of the courtyard, for each party dwells by itself in a separate room.
ERUVIN: CHAPTER 6: MISHNA 7
Brothers who are partners, who eat at their father's table and sleep in their houses, require an eruv for each and everyone. Therefore, if one of them forgot and did not make an eruv, he renounces his right. When? When they carry their eruv to another place; but if the eruv came to them, or there are no dwellers with them in the courtyard, they do not need to make an eruv.
Kehati
As has already been mentioned, eruvei hatzerot are made with bread, as
follows: a loaf of bread is collected from each house, and all the loaves are
placed in one of the houses of the courtyard, in one vessel. According to
one opinion, it is the practice to collect a small amount of flour from each
house, and to bake one loaf from it (Ravad, Maggid Mishneh in the name
of the Geonim). The house in which the eruv is placed, however, is not
required to give bread for the eruv, for its owner actually lives there, and
is a partner with all of them in his dwelling. If the residents of the
courtyard all ate at one table, even though each one has his own house,
they do not require an eruv, because they are as inhabitants of one house.
Just as a person's wife, the members of his household, and his servants do
not restrict him (in carrying), and he is not required to make an eruv with
them, so, too, all of these people are as inhabitants of one house, since
they all eat at one table. Similarly, if they had to make an eruv with the
inhabitants of another courtyard, they make one eruv for all of them, and
they take only one loaf to the place with which they are making an eruv. If
the eruv comes to them, they do not need to participate in the eruv, just as the house in which the eruv is placed does not need to give a loaf, for all
these houses are considered to be as if they were one house. Thus also, the
people of a courtyard who made an eruv are all considered to be the
inhabitants of one house. And if they have to make an eruv with a second
courtyard, they take only one loaf, on behalf of all of them, to the place in
which the eruv is made. And if the eruv comes to them, they do not need to give a loaf(Rambam, 1. Eruvin 4:1-3). This mishnah deals with the case
of brothers who live in the same courtyard, each one in his own house, but
who receive their maintenance from their father, who lives with them in
the same courtyard; it discusses how they make an eruv.
Brothers who are partners according to Rashi and other commentators, the text
of the mishnah does not read "who are partners," who eat at their father's table and sleep in their houses in the same courtyard in which their father dwells, in his own house, and there also are other inhabitants of the courtyard. The Gemara
explains that the mishnah is not to be taken literally for it means that they would
receive their food from their father, and each one would eat by himself in his own
house. According to another opinion, the mishnah does read "who are partners," and it is to be interpreted as follows: or partners who would eat at one table, i.e., dwellers who would receive their maintenance from one of the residents of the courtyard, as their wages for the work they do for him, but each one eats in his own house (Ramban, Bartenura), really they require an eruv for each and every one since each one of them is a separate dweller, each one must give a loaf when they come to make an eruv with
the other inhabitants of the courtyard. Therefore, if one of them forgot and did not make i.e., participate in, an eruv, it is necessary that he renounce his right
in favor of the other inhabitants, so as not to restrict them (in carrying). When
does each one of the brothers (or the partners) require an eruv?
When they carry their eruv to another place to set down the eruv in
the house of one of the other inhabitants of the courtyard; since they require an
eruv, and the other inhabitants restrict them in carrying, they also restrict the other inhabitants of the courtyard, and each one of them must give his portion in
the eruv, but if the eruv came to them all the inhabitants of the courtyard placed their eruv in their father's house (or in the house of the person for whom the partners receive their maintenance), or there are no – other – dwellers with them – besides the brothers and their father (or besides the partners and the person who provides their maintenance) - in the courtyard, they do not need to make an eruv – since the brothers take their maintenance from their father's house (or their partners from the house of the person who provides their maintenance), they therefore do not need to participate in the eruv. This is because the house in which the eruv is placed does not need to contribute a loaf to the eruv (see the introduction to this mishnah); and similarly, if there are no other inhabitants in the courtyard, then the entire courtyard isas one domain, since the bread is shared by all the brothers in their father;s house (or by all the inhabitants, the "partners", in the house of the person who provides their mantenance).
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